The Benjamin Franklin letter that anticipated daylight saving time

Benjamin Franklin advocated for the use of paper money and even engineered some key anticounterfeiting techniques used today.

Daylight saving time, explained

Daylight saving time is supposed to help—but does it? Dive into the history, science, and consequences of this biannual aspect of American life (unless you're from Arizona or Hawaii).

Why people hated permanent daylight saving time in 1974

Messing with the amount of daylight each day has consequences, as America found out in 1974 when it first passed all-year daylight saving time. See why it was revoked less than a year later.

Ben Franklin’s edit helped define the Declaration’s philosophy

When Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration, he wrote that its truths were “sacred and undeniable.” Benjamin Franklin urged replacing that phrase with “self-evident,” grounding the document in reason rather than religious authority and sharpening its Enlightenment logic.

Benjamin Franklin donated the books that became the first true public library in the US.

Benjamin Franklin once wrote a satirical essay about passing gas

The Founding Father was asked to judge a contest for the Royal Academy of Brussels, but was incensed by one of the contest's questions, which he believed was highly impractical. In response, he wrote a piece suggesting that the most essential problem for scientists to solve was the "fetid Smell" that came with passing gas.

Benjamin Franklin founded America's first lending library, the Library Company of Philadelphia, in 1731.

Read the financial advice America's founding fathers gave, including Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and Alexander Hamilton.

Ending daylight saving time may prevent as many as 300,000 strokes annually

Changing clocks twice a year disrupts circadian rhythms, which last an average of 24 hours and 12 minutes. Studies have shown that permanent daylight saving time provides fewer health benefits than standard time.

A letter drafted by a Boston town committee in 1772 helped unite the colonies behind independence.

Adams' famous 1776 letter urged the Founders to 'remember the ladies'

In a March 1776 letter to John, Adams urged the Founders not to grant husbands unchecked power over their wives. Historians note it was not a demand for suffrage but a challenge to coverture—the legal doctrine that denied a married woman an independent identity.

Railroads and long-distance communication led to the development of time zones, with Greenwich established as the prime meridian—the longitude of 0 degrees—due to British advancements in star mapping and navigation.

Daylight Saving Time is linked to a rise in heart attacks and strokes

Losing an hour of sleep with seasonal time changes is not good for our health and it’s linked to risks for the first couple days of Daylight Saving Time, including a short-term rise in heart attacks and strokes. Scientists theorize these elevated risks are linked to the disruption to the body’s circadian rhythm.

The Founding Fathers were divided in their reactions to the Boston Tea Party.

The side effects of falling back and springing forward

Daylight saving time can interfere with a person’s sleep schedule, but it also has been linked to increased rates of depression, heart attack, stroke, cancer, and car accidents. UT Southwestern’s Dr. Joseph Takahashi explains why the time change is bad for your brain and health.

Thomas Jefferson delivered his 1801 State of the Union address in writing

In 1801, President Jefferson ended in-person State of the Union addresses, feeling they were too monarchial, and sent written messages instead—a practice that lasted until 1913. His first message was written and sent via his secretary, Meriwether Lewis, who later led the Lewis and Clark expedition.

Congress actually voted to approve independence on July 2, 1776, leading many Founders to believe that would be the date Americans would one day celebrate.

This video highlights lesser-known facts about the Declaration of Independence, including that Congress approved independence on July 2—leading many Founders to believe that would be the day Americans would celebrate their independence.

Twain's ‘To the Person Sitting in the Darkness’ satirized American imperialism

The 1901 essay was a response to the Philippine-American War as well as Rudyard Kipling’s poem, “The White Man’s Burden,” which argued that Western nations had a moral duty to rescue non-Western nations from ignorance. Twain’s essay ironically encouraged lecturing citizens of the countries being invaded: “for the sake of the Business we must persuade him to look at the Philippine matter in another and healthier way. We must arrange his opinions for him.”

A collective effort from multiple scientists and inventors led to the light bulb

While Thomas Edison's thin carbon filament design made light bulbs commercially viable, prior contributions, such as Joseph Swan's development of the first successful incandescent filament electric lamp, made its eventual invention possible.

Benjamin Franklin described a series of static electricity storage jars as 'batteries'

Discovered over 50 years before the first electrochemical cell was invented, Leyden jars stored electric charge between the metals inside and outside a liquid-filled container. Franklin was the first to use the term "battery" in an electrical sense, though his multiple-jar device—lacking chemical reactions—was actually a series of capacitors.

FDR changed the date of Thanksgiving, then changed it back

In the waning years of the Great Depression, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt attempted to move Thanksgiving up by a week, giving merchants a longer holiday shopping season. After pushback from lawmakers, he reversed course in 1941, permanently fixing the date of Thanksgiving on the fourth Thursday of November.

The Declaration of Independence was not only a statement of principles but also an appeal for military allies that the struggling colonists needed to survive.

July Fourth wasn't always a holiday, and its meaning has changed over time.

Staying on standard time permanently would slightly reduce obesity and stroke risk

A 2025 study that examined time changes found that permanently changing to standard time would slightly reduce obesity and stroke risk more than switching to permanent daylight saving time.

The Americans abandoned Philadelphia to the British in 1777.

Mark Twain had many gripes with the US Postal Service

Twain often complained about the cost of postage and the service's inefficiencies, often sharing these criticisms in newspaper opinion pieces. Still, in 1907, the USPS issued a commemorative stamp featuring his face.

There is a template for how to live a better, healthier day, and it includes a digital sunset

Science suggests that early-morning exercise, later-morning peak work or social time, consistent exercise, and a "digital sunset"—starting to turn down the lights in the evening and avoid screens—are important for circadian health.

Thomas Edison created the first strand of electric Christmas lights in 1880

Edison strung electric bulbs outside his laboratory in 1880, and his business partner Edward H. Johnson first wrapped a tree in lights in 1882. It wasn’t until the lights were commercialized in 1917 that they became common in household Christmas decorations.

The first newspaper to report the Declaration of Independence was a German-language Philadelphia publication, simply because it was the only one that published on July 5.

The lost medieval habit of 'two sleeps'

While most people accept a single seven-to-nine-hour nightly slumber is ideal, the approach is a relatively modern idea. For centuries, interrupted sleep was the norm, with historians uncovering descriptions of two periods of sleep during the normal 24-hour cycle.

Surprises you may not know about the US Constitution

This article offers intriguing and lesser known insights into the creation and content of the US Constitution. Examples include that Rhode Island disliked the Constitution so much that it almost started a civil war and that Ben Franklin was so ill he needed to be carried into the Constitutional Convention in a sedan chair.

Many of the founding fathers were deists—believers in a God of reason

A uniquely American iteration of the Enlightenment movement thrived during the Revolution. This selection from a longer write-up on the American Enlightenment highlights six core ideas: deism, liberalism, republicanism, conservatism, toleration, and scientific progress.

See how the Declaration evolved from draft to final text

John Adams urged Congress to choose Thomas Jefferson to draft the Declaration because of his literary skill and low-profile reputation. Read Jefferson's initial draft, which included passages later removed, including a forceful denunciation of slavery.

Chronobiologists study the effect of time on biological cycles

Circadian rhythms were first observed in the 1700s, when French astronomer Jean-Jacques D'Ortous de Mairan put a plant in a dark room and watched it still respond to day and night cycles, setting off further studies about specific light-dark biological cycles, an area of inquiry that continues today with the human "clock proteins" at the molecular level.

Celebrations for America's 150th birthday in 1926 were a poorly organized mess that nearly bankrupted the host city of Philadelphia.

Since 1776, the Declaration of Independence has served as a model for more than 100 nations and freedom organizations writing their own declarations.

Santa Claus originally wrote Christmas letters instead of receiving them

Parents originally used the letters as an opportunity to help discipline their children. Gifts eventually took on a more central role in the holiday, turning the letters into chances for kids to write Christmas wish lists.

Thomas Edison publicly executed animals with AC to convince the public of its dangers

J.P. Morgan first backed Thomas Edison's direct current system, seeing electricity's potential to usurp John D. Rockefeller's kerosene empire. Despite the investments and smear campaign against alternating current, alternating current ultimately won public support after lighting the 1893 World's Fair, after which Morgan would fund Tesla's wireless transmission tower.

The First Continental Congress did not meet to discuss independence from Britain

Worried that Nazi Germany could weaponize nuclear fission first, Albert Einstein wrote a 1939 letter warning President Roosevelt about the possibility of atomic bombs—a decision he later regretted.

Read Norman Rosenthal’s original 1984 paper describing SAD

The study helped formalize research and diagnosis of seasonal affective disorder, catalyzing the development of therapies (like bright light) and leading to broader adoption of effective treatments. It also helped connect the influence of light and seasons on biological mechanisms in the human body, spurring exploration of circadian rhythms.

A fire in NYC that burned a fifth of the city in 1776 may have been started under orders from George Washington.

SAD disrupts melatonin secretion, producing it longer in the morning

The hormone is secreted from the pineal gland in the brain and is key to the timing of sleep. However, the substance does not generate sleep itself. With seasonal affective disorder, the body misperceives the photoperiod—the time with light—and the cycle of sleeping and waking gets off-phase, leading to issues with circadian rhythms.

A letter about a hurricane helped launch Hamilton's life in America

After a hurricane severely damaged the Caribbean island of St. Croix, Alexander Hamilton wrote a vivid letter that was later published and impressed local business leaders, who took up a collection to send the teenager to North America for schooling.

10 ways David Letterman changed late-night TV

Late-night TV is an American institution with its own tropes and traditions. While Johnny Carson is often noted as the model for late-night hosts, the modern notion of the format owes just as much (if not more) to David Letterman, who redefined the model in the early 1980s. This list from ABC News ranks the 10 ways Letterman accomplished that, using one of Letterman's classic bits to honor the man's legacy.

There is a best way to wake up—but not a best time

Sleep and circadian rhythm researchers say that waking up at a consistent time each day—even on weekends—and viewing morning sunlight are the best ways to keep body functions running at their peak. (Some users may encounter a paywall.)

Gambling and lotteries funded America's early expansion, funding infrastructure and capital projects.

Francis Scott Key initially opposed the War of 1812, the war that eventually inspired him to write the national anthem.

See the documents that shaped the Declaration before it was written

This Library of Congress collection comprises early arguments for Colonial rights, protests against British authority, draft constitutions, and multiple working drafts of the Declaration of Independence. It traces the ideas and language that preceded the final document adopted in 1776.

Was the Gettysburg Address written on the back of an envelope?

Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States, wrote his famed Gettysburg Address on a train car. Actually, he had a version of it ready a few days before. Well, really, he came up with it on the spot. Rumors about the speech's creation abound. This 1909 article walks readers through evidence Lincoln's speech was carefully planned and written in Washington, DC (in pencil).