Pontifical Academy of Sciences
Overview
The Pontifical Academy of Sciences is the Vatican's scientific advisory board. Established in 1603 as the Academy of Lynxes, named for the sharp eyes needed to understand nature, it was refounded and rebranded in its current form in 1936. It has promoted progress in the mathematical, physical, and natural sciences and provided guidance to the pope on issues such as nuclear power, biotechnology, climate change, and AI.
The academy primarily consists of 80 Pontifical Academicians—individuals with outstanding scientific achievements and moral character chosen by the body and appointed by the pope to lifetime positions, regardless of faith. Academicians and honorary members have included Protestant, Jewish, Hindu, Muslim, and atheist scholars, as well as renowned scientists, such as Alexander Fleming (discovered penicillin), Max Planck (originated quantum theory), Ernest Rutherford (father of nuclear physics), and Georges Lemaître (proposed the Big Bang).
To accomplish its goals, the academy holds plenary sessions, organizes meetings, and arranges conferences among its members on topics in fundamental science, global problems, the developing world, scientific policy, bioethics, and epistemology. These deliberations have produced several open-access publication series spanning over 185 combined volumes. It also collaborates with other papal institutions, such as the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences.
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